Which tax rate applies to the amount over $33,500 in the employee tax calculation scenario?

In the context of employee tax calculations, the correct choice pertaining to the tax rate that applies to the amount over $33,500 is based on the graduated or progressive income tax system commonly used in many countries. Generally, income tax rates increase with higher income brackets.

For an amount over $33,500, the applicable tax rate often falls into a higher tax bracket, which is typically around 22% for earnings above certain thresholds, though this can vary based on specific taxation laws. The 40% rate is usually reserved for very high income, often applicable at significantly higher thresholds.

To clarify, the correct answer aligns with the income tax brackets where earnings above a certain level are taxed at higher rates to ensure that individuals contribute proportionately according to their ability to pay. Hence, for the income exceeding $33,500, the tax bracket effectively applied would be in the region of 22%, making it the accurate choice compared to the others.