Which of the following best describes retesting?

Retesting is best described as the process of verifying that specific bug fixes are effective. This process involves executing the same tests that previously identified the defect to confirm that the reported issue has indeed been resolved after changes were made to the software.

The essence of retesting lies in the idea that once a development team has addressed a defect, it's crucial to ensure that the fix works as intended. This helps ensure that the defect is no longer present in the software, thereby contributing to overall software quality. Retesting is typically focused on the exact conditions under which the defect was originally found, using specific test cases designed to validate the correction.

In contrast, running tests to ensure no new errors are introduced pertains more to regression testing, which aims to verify that existing functionality remains unaffected after changes. Re-running the same test to reproduce the problem generally relates to debugging efforts, rather than the focused validation of a fix. Conducting wide tests without focusing on any criteria describes exploratory testing or unscripted testing, which is quite different from the structured approach of retesting.