What type of analysis checks for adherence to coding standards without executing the program?

The correct choice is focused on evaluating code without executing it, which characterizes static analysis. Static analysis involves reviewing the code for compliance with predefined coding standards and best practices. This type of analysis employs tools or manual reviews to identify issues such as potential bugs, security vulnerabilities, and maintainability concerns, all while the program is not running. By examining the source code, static analysis can catch issues early in the development process, leading to more efficient debugging and higher quality software.

In contrast, dynamic analysis involves executing the program and monitoring its behavior in real-time to identify issues that occur during execution. Regression analysis is a statistical method used to evaluate the relationships among variables, which doesn't apply to coding standards adherence. Performance analysis focuses on the behavior of a program in terms of resource usage and speed while it is running, rather than the code itself. Thus, static analysis is the appropriate term for checking adherence to coding standards without the need for execution.