Validation involves which of the following?

The focus of validation is to ensure that the product being developed meets the needs and requirements of the stakeholders. This process checks whether the right product has been built, confirming that it aligns with user expectations and requirements as defined at the outset of the project. Validation activities typically occur after the product has been developed, through various means such as reviews, testing, and user acceptance testing, to confirm that the specified requirements were correctly interpreted and implemented.

In the context of software testing, validation answers the critical question: "Are we building the right thing?" By doing so, it emphasizes the importance of aligning the final product with user needs and expectations, ultimately leading to a greater level of product satisfaction and success in the market.