In software testing, what does the term 'test case' refer to?

The term 'test case' in software testing refers to a set of conditions or variables that a tester uses to determine whether a software application is functioning correctly as per the specified requirements. A test case typically includes inputs, execution conditions, and expected results, which allows the tester to validate the behavior of the software against expected outcomes.

The primary objective of a test case is to ensure that specific functionalities of the software work as intended, helping to identify any defects or issues early in the development process. Test cases can vary in complexity, from simple scenarios testing single inputs to more intricate ones that evaluate multiple paths through the application's code.

By establishing clear and detailed test cases, teams can execute repeatable tests that support continuous validation of software quality throughout its lifecycle, making them a crucial component of effective software testing methodologies.